集裝箱在使用周轉(zhuǎn)過程中，或多或少會造成箱損，影響航線正常用箱。那么濟南集裝箱非正常損壞的表現(xiàn)是怎樣的呢？

During the use and turnover of containers, they will more or less cause damage to the containers and affect the normal use of containers on the route. So what is the performance of abnormal damage of Jinan container?

一、集裝箱非正常損壞:

1、 Abnormal damage of container:

集裝箱受到外力撞擊、拖運時發(fā)生車禍、起吊是摔落、裝拆箱不當(dāng)或貨物本身的原因造成F貨箱箱體及冷藏箱箱體和機組殘損，都屬于非正常損壞。其中裝拆箱不當(dāng)或貨物本身的原因造成箱損是常見的，要盡可能的降低殘損程度，客戶裝箱是關(guān)鍵。

The damage to the F cargo box, the refrigerator box and the unit caused by the impact of external forces, the accident during the haulage, the falling of the lifting, the improper loading and unloading of the container or the damage of the cargo itself are all abnormal damages. The damage caused by improper packing and unpacking or the reason of the goods itself is common. The customer's packing is the key to minimize the damage.

1.目前不少貨主有超重裝箱現(xiàn)象，不利于操作。常見的箱損情況有地板斷裂、集裝箱底框架下沉變形，嚴(yán)重的在起吊時造成頂梁折斷，對貨物、設(shè)備及人員有極大的損害,因此,各港箱管代理應(yīng)積極向客戶做好宣傳解釋工作，在任何情況下，所裝貨物的重量不能超過集裝箱的大載重量，集裝箱的大載重量(PAYL0AD,NETWEGHT)標(biāo)在集裝箱箱門上，無箱門的特種箱標(biāo)在后角柱或下底梁上。

1. At present, many shippers are overweight, which is not conducive to safe operation. Common cases of container damage include floor breakage, container bottom frame sinking and deformation, and serious cases of top beam breaking during lifting, which will cause great damage to goods, equipment and personnel. Therefore, container management agents at all ports should actively publicize and explain to customers. In any case, the weight of the loaded goods should not exceed the maximum load capacity of the container, and the maximum load capacity (PAYL0AD, NETWEGHT) of the container should be marked on the container door, The special box without box door is marked on the rear corner column or lower bottom beam.

2.裝載時要使箱底的負(fù)荷均衡，不要使負(fù)荷偏在一端或一側(cè)，特別是要嚴(yán)格禁止貨物偏在一端的情況。要避免造成集中負(fù)荷，如裝載機械設(shè)備等重貨時，箱底應(yīng)加木頭等襯墊材料，盡量使負(fù)荷分散。

2. When loading, the load at the bottom of the box shall be balanced, and the load shall not be biased at one end or one side, especially when the center of gravity of the goods is biased at one end. To avoid causing concentrated load, such as loading heavy goods such as machinery and equipment, the bottom of the box should be padded with wood and other materials to disperse the load as much as possible.

3.用人力裝貨時盡量避免拖拽，正確使用裝貨工具，避免對貨物及地板造成損壞。用叉式裝卸車裝卸將受到叉式裝卸車的自由提升高度、門架高度等條件的限制。在條件許可的情況下，可一次裝兩層，但上面應(yīng)留有20MM左右間隙、下面應(yīng)留有100MM左右間隙。

3. When loading manually, try to avoid dragging, use the loading tools correctly, and avoid damage to the goods and the floor. Loading and unloading with fork truck will be limited by the free lifting height and gantry height of fork truck. If conditions permit, two layers can be installed at a time, but there should be about 20MM clearance above and about 100MM clearance below.

如條件不允許--次裝兩層，則在箱內(nèi)裝載第二層時，要考慮到叉式裝卸車的自由提升高度和裝卸車門]架的可能提升高度H，這時H應(yīng)為第--層貨高減自由提升高度，避免損傷箱頂。另外還要注意貨物下面如沒有墊木，-定要另加墊木，以便貨叉能順利抽出，避免損傷貨物及地板。

If conditions do not permit -- two layers at a time, when loading the second layer in the box, the free lifting height of the forklift truck and the possible lifting height of the loading and unloading door frame H should be taken into account. At this time, H should be the height of the second layer of cargo minus the free lifting height to avoid damage to the top of the box. In addition, pay attention to the fact that if there is no skid under the goods, it is necessary to add another skid so that the fork can be pulled out smoothly to avoid damaging the goods and the floor.

4.液體貨和污染性貨物盡量裝在其它貨物下面。會從包裝中滲漏出灰塵、液體、潮氣、異味等貨物盡量不要與其它貨物裝在一起，如不得不混裝時，就要用帆布、塑料薄膜或其它襯墊材料完全隔開，地板也要用襯墊材料鋪好，避免對地板造成無法清洗的損壞，更換地板費用會達(dá)幾百美金，帶來不必要的損失。

4. Liquid goods and polluting goods shall be loaded under other goods as far as possible. Goods that may leak dust, liquid, moisture, odor and other goods from the package should not be packed with other goods as far as possible. If they have to be mixed, they should be completely separated with canvas, plastic film or other liner materials. The floor should also be paved with liner materials to avoid damage to the floor that cannot be cleaned. The cost of replacing the floor will reach hundreds of dollars, bringing unnecessary losses.

5.裝載完畢需進行合理的綁扎，以免運輸中搖晃對貨物及箱體造成損壞。

5. Reasonable binding shall be carried out after loading to avoid damage to the goods and the box due to shaking during transportation.

6.冷藏箱嚴(yán)格講是保溫箱，冷凍貨本身的溫度情況很重要，因此冷藏貨物亦應(yīng)適當(dāng)預(yù)冷，以免裝箱后因結(jié)霜等原因影響冷藏效果。在裝箱時應(yīng)停止冷凍機運轉(zhuǎn)，以免凝水過多，影響蒸發(fā)器工作。要根據(jù)貨物的性質(zhì)與包裝形狀來選擇正確的裝載方法。裝貨時必須注意貨物不能堵住通風(fēng)管，箱頂部分一定要留出空隙，使空氣能有效流通，不能超過警戒線。嚴(yán)格禁止已降低鮮度或已變質(zhì)發(fā)臭的貨物裝進箱內(nèi)，否則會很快損壞其它貨物。

6. The refrigerated box is strictly a heat preservation box, and the temperature of the frozen goods is very important. Therefore, the refrigerated goods should also be properly precooled to avoid affecting the refrigeration effect due to frost and other reasons after packing. When packing, the refrigerator should be stopped to prevent too much condensate from affecting the evaporator. The correct loading method should be selected according to the nature of the goods and the packaging shape. When loading, it must be noted that the goods can not block the ventilation pipe, and the top part of the box must be left with a gap to enable the air to circulate effectively and not exceed the warning line. It is strictly forbidden to put the goods that have decreased the freshness or have deteriorated and smelled into the box, otherwise other goods will be damaged soon.

7.集卡必須備有220/380伏發(fā)電機，提箱時注意箱體狀況，并進行送電操作，確保符合要求的好箱出場。貨物裝箱后必須保證冷箱持續(xù)通電，以保證箱溫符合設(shè)定溫度。如箱體或制冷機器出現(xiàn)問題及時與提箱堆場或當(dāng)?shù)叵涔艽砺?lián)系。

7. The truck must be equipped with a 220/380V generator. Pay attention to the condition of the box when picking up the box, and carry out the power transmission operation to ensure that the qualified box is delivered. After the goods are packed, the cold box must be continuously energized to ensure that the temperature of the box meets the set temperature. If there is any problem with the box or refrigeration machine, contact the container yard or local container management agent in time.

8.對于易損壞、易污染箱體的特殊貨物，如卷鋼、大理石、廢金屬、原木、煤炭、礦石(礦砂)、糖、淀粉等，各口岸公司應(yīng)遵守公司相關(guān)規(guī)定。

8. For special goods that are easy to damage and pollute the box, such as coil steel, marble, scrap metal, log, coal, ore (ore), sugar, starch, etc., the port companies shall comply with the relevant provisions of the company.

總之從成本控制的角度來分析,如何正確使用集裝箱以盡可能的降低殘損程度及盡快安排維修使集裝箱盡早投入使用是關(guān)鍵。您還有什么問題就來我們網(wǎng)站http://qpdg.net.cn咨詢吧！

In a word, from the perspective of cost control, how to use containers correctly to reduce the degree of damage as much as possible and arrange maintenance as soon as possible so that containers can be put into use as soon as possible is the key. If you have any questions, please come to our website http://qpdg.net.cn Ask!