一般企業(yè)出口時，在進行濟南集裝箱的裝柜過程中主要擔(dān)心的是貨物數(shù)據(jù)錯誤、貨物損壞和數(shù)據(jù)與報關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)不符合，從而導(dǎo)致海關(guān)不會放行。因此，在裝柜前，發(fā)貨人、倉庫、貨代必須協(xié)調(diào)周到，以避免這種情況的發(fā)生。

When general enterprises export, the main concerns during the loading process of Jinan containers are incorrect cargo data, cargo damage, and data that does not match the customs declaration data, resulting in customs not being able to release them. Therefore, before loading the container, the shipper, warehouse, and freight forwarder must coordinate carefully to avoid this situation.

1.不同形狀、不同包裝的貨物盡可能不要裝在一起；

1. Goods of different shapes and packaging should not be packed together as much as possible;

2.從包裝中會滲出灰塵、液體、潮氣、臭氣等的貨物，盡可能不要與其他貨物放在一起。“不得已的情況下，就要用帆布、塑料薄膜或其他材料隔開。”

2. Goods that may exude dust, liquid, moisture, odor, etc. from the packaging should not be placed together with other goods as much as possible. If necessary, use canvas, plastic film, or other materials to separate them

3.重量輕的貨物放在重量相對較重的貨物上面；

3. Place lightweight goods on top of relatively heavier ones;

4.包裝強度弱的貨物要放在包裝強度強的貨物上面；

4. Goods with weak packaging strength should be placed on top of goods with strong packaging strength;

5.液體類貨物和清潔類貨物要盡量放在其他貨物下面；

5. Liquid goods and clean goods should be placed under other goods as much as possible;

6.帶有尖角或有突出部分的貨物，需將其遮蓋，以避免將其他貨物損壞。

6. Goods with sharp corners or protruding parts need to be covered to avoid damage to other goods.

此外集裝箱貨物的現(xiàn)場裝箱作業(yè)通常有三種方法：即全部用人力裝箱、用叉式裝卸車（鏟車）搬進箱內(nèi)，再用人力堆裝和全部用機械裝箱，如貨板（托盤）貨用叉式裝卸車在箱內(nèi)堆裝。

In addition, there are usually three methods for on-site container loading operations: manual loading, forklift loading and unloading, manual stacking, and mechanical loading. For example, pallet loading and unloading can be done by forklift loading and unloading.

1.任何情況下貨物裝柜時，箱內(nèi)所裝貨物重量不能超過集裝箱的大裝載量，即集裝箱總量減去集裝箱的自重所得。一般情況下，總重和自重都會標(biāo)在集裝箱的箱門上。

1. In any case, when loading goods into a container, the weight of the goods inside the container cannot exceed the maximum loading capacity of the container, which is obtained by subtracting the total weight of the container from its own weight. In general, the total weight and self weight are marked on the door of the container.

2.每個集裝箱的單位容重是一定的，因此在箱內(nèi)裝載同種貨物時，只要知道貨物密度，就可以斷定出是重貨還是輕貨。成琪瑋表示，如果貨物密度大于箱的單位容重就是重貨，反之則為輕貨。及時并明確區(qū)分這兩種不同的情況，對提高裝箱效率很重要。

2. The unit weight of each container is fixed, so when loading the same type of cargo inside the container, as long as the density of the cargo is known, it can be determined whether it is heavy or light cargo. Cheng Qiwei stated that if the density of the goods is greater than the unit weight of the box, it is considered heavy goods, and vice versa, it is considered light goods. Timely and clear distinction between these two different situations is crucial for improving packing efficiency.

3.裝載時要使箱底上的負(fù)荷平衡，特別要嚴(yán)格禁止負(fù)荷偏在一端的情況。

3. When loading, the load on the bottom of the box should be balanced, and it is strictly prohibited to have the center of gravity of the load deviate from one end.

4.避免產(chǎn)生集中載荷。“如在裝載機械設(shè)備等重貨時，箱底應(yīng)鋪上木板等襯墊材料，盡量分散其負(fù)荷。

4. Avoid generating concentrated loads. When loading heavy goods such as machinery and equipment, the bottom of the box should be covered with lining materials such as wooden boards to disperse the load as much as possible.

5.使用人力裝貨時要注意包裝上有無“不可倒置”、“平放”、“豎放”等裝卸指示標(biāo)志。務(wù)必正確使用裝貨工具，捆包貨禁止使用手鉤。箱內(nèi)所裝的貨物要裝載整齊、緊密堆裝。容易散捆和包裝脆弱的貨物，要使用襯墊或在貨物間插入膠合板，防止貨物在箱內(nèi)移動。

5. When using manual loading, attention should be paid to whether there are loading and unloading instructions such as "not to invert", "flat", and "vertical" on the packaging. Be sure to use the loading tools correctly, and it is prohibited to use hand hooks for bundled goods. The goods inside the box should be neatly loaded and tightly stacked. Goods that are prone to loose bundling and fragile packaging should be cushioned or plywood inserted between the goods to prevent them from moving inside the box.

6.裝載貨板貨時，要確切掌握集裝箱內(nèi)部尺寸和貨物包裝的外部尺寸，以便計算裝載件數(shù)，以達(dá)到盡量減少棄位、多裝貨物的目的。

6. When loading pallet cargo, it is necessary to accurately grasp the internal dimensions of the container and the external dimensions of the cargo packaging, in order to calculate the number of loaded pieces and achieve the goal of minimizing waste and loading more cargo as much as possible.

另外，一般用普通起重量為2噸的叉式裝卸車，其自由提升高度為1250px左右。但還有一種是全自由提升高度的叉式裝卸車，這種機械只要箱內(nèi)高度允許，就不受門架起升高度的影響，且能很方便地堆裝兩層貨物。此外，還應(yīng)注意貨物下面應(yīng)鋪有墊木，以便使貨叉能順利抽出。

In addition, forklifts with a normal lifting capacity of 2 tons are generally used, and their free lifting height is about 1250px. But there is also a fully free lifting forklift, which is not affected by the lifting height of the gantry as long as the height inside the box allows, and can easily stack two layers of goods. In addition, it should also be noted that there should be wooden mats placed under the goods to ensure that the forks can be pulled out smoothly.

貨物好不要裸裝，起碼要有包裝，不要一味的為節(jié)省空間而導(dǎo)致貨物受損。一般的貨物也都會有包裝，只有比如大件的機器如鍋爐、建材之類的會比較麻煩，必須要捆扎、綁緊以防止松動。其實只要仔細(xì)認(rèn)真，也不會出太大的問題。更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容就來我們網(wǎng)站http://qpdg.net.cn咨詢！

Goods should not be packed naked, at least they should have packaging, and should not be damaged solely to save space. General goods also come with packaging, but large machines such as boilers and building materials are more troublesome and must be tied tightly to prevent loosening. In fact, as long as you are careful and serious, there won't be too big a problem. For more related content, come to our website http://qpdg.net.cn consulting service