集裝箱貨物的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)裝箱作業(yè)通常有三種方法：即全部用人力裝箱、用叉式裝卸車(chē)（鏟車(chē)）搬進(jìn)箱內(nèi)，再用人力堆裝和全部用機(jī)械裝箱，如貨板（托盤(pán)）貨用叉式裝卸車(chē)在箱內(nèi)堆裝。

There are usually three methods for on-site loading of container goods: manual loading, forklift loading into the box, manual stacking, and mechanical loading. For example, pallets are stacked inside the box using forklift loading.

1、任何情況下貨物裝柜時(shí)，箱內(nèi)所裝貨物重量不能超過(guò)集裝箱的大裝載量，即集裝箱總量減去集裝箱的自重所得。一般情況下，總重和自重都會(huì)標(biāo)在集裝箱的箱門(mén)上。

1. In any case, when loading goods into a container, the weight of the goods inside the container cannot exceed the maximum loading capacity of the container, which is obtained by subtracting the total weight of the container from its own weight. In general, the total weight and self weight are marked on the door of the container.

2、每個(gè)濟(jì)南集裝箱的單位容重是一定的，因此在箱內(nèi)裝載同種貨物時(shí)，只要知道貨物密度，就可以斷定出是重貨還是輕貨。

2. The unit weight of each Jinan container is fixed, so when loading the same type of goods inside the container, as long as the density of the goods is known, it can be determined whether it is heavy or light cargo.

3、裝載時(shí)要使箱底上的負(fù)荷平衡，特別要嚴(yán)格禁止負(fù)荷偏在一端的情況。

3. When loading, the load on the bottom of the box should be balanced, and it is strictly prohibited to have the center of gravity of the load deviate from one end.

4、避免產(chǎn)生集中載荷。“如在裝載機(jī)械設(shè)備等重貨時(shí)，箱底應(yīng)鋪上木板等襯墊材料，盡量分散其負(fù)荷。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)集裝箱底面平均單位面積的負(fù)荷大致是：20英尺集裝箱為1330x9.8N/m，40英尺集裝箱為980x9.8N/m2。

4. Avoid generating concentrated loads. When loading heavy goods such as machinery and equipment, the bottom of the container should be covered with wooden boards and other cushioning materials to disperse the load as much as possible. The average safety load per unit area of the bottom of a standard container is approximately 1330x9.8N/m for a 20 foot container and 980x9.8N/m2 for a 40 foot container.

5、使用人力裝貨時(shí)要注意包裝上有無(wú)“不可倒置”、“平放”、“豎放”等裝卸指示標(biāo)志。務(wù)必正確使用裝貨工具，捆包貨禁止使用手鉤。箱內(nèi)所裝的貨物要裝載整齊、緊密堆裝。容易散捆和包裝脆弱的貨物，要使用襯墊或在貨物間插入膠合板，防止貨物在箱內(nèi)移動(dòng)。

5. When using manual loading, attention should be paid to whether there are loading and unloading instructions such as "not to invert", "flat", and "vertical" on the packaging. Be sure to use the loading tools correctly, and it is prohibited to use hand hooks for bundled goods. The goods inside the box should be neatly loaded and tightly stacked. Goods that are prone to loose bundling and fragile packaging should be cushioned or plywood inserted between the goods to prevent them from moving inside the box.

6、裝載貨板貨時(shí)，要確切掌握濟(jì)南集裝箱內(nèi)部尺寸和貨物包裝的外部尺寸，以便計(jì)算裝載件數(shù)，以達(dá)到盡量減少棄位、多裝貨物的目的。

6. When loading pallets, it is necessary to accurately grasp the internal dimensions of Jinan containers and the external dimensions of cargo packaging, in order to calculate the number of loaded pieces and achieve the goal of minimizing waste and loading more goods as much as possible.

7、用叉式裝卸車(chē)裝箱時(shí)，將受到機(jī)械的自由提升高度和門(mén)架高度的限制。因此，在條件允許的情況下，叉車(chē)裝箱可一次裝載兩層，但上下要留有一定的間隙。如果條件不允許一次裝載兩層的話，就在裝第二層時(shí)，考慮到叉式裝卸車(chē)的自由提升高度和叉式裝卸車(chē)門(mén)架可能起升的高度，這時(shí)門(mén)架起升高度應(yīng)為層貨高減去自由提升高度，這樣的話第二層貨物才能裝在第三者層貨物上層。

7. When using a forklift for loading and unloading, it will be limited by the free lifting height of the machinery and the height of the gantry. Therefore, if conditions permit, forklifts can load two layers at once, but there must be a certain gap between the top and bottom. If conditions do not allow for loading two layers at once, when loading the second layer, considering the free lifting height of the forklift and the possible lifting height of the forklift door frame, the lifting height of the door frame should be subtracted from the height of the first layer of goods, so that the second layer of goods can be loaded onto the upper layer of the third layer of goods.

另外，一般用普通起重量為2噸的叉式裝卸車(chē)，其自由提升高度為1250px左右。但還有一種是全自由提升高度的叉式裝卸車(chē)，這種機(jī)械只要箱內(nèi)高度允許，就不受門(mén)架起升高度的影響，且能很方便地堆裝兩層貨物。此外，還應(yīng)注意貨物下面應(yīng)鋪有墊木，以便使貨叉能順利抽出。

In addition, forklifts with a normal lifting capacity of 2 tons are generally used, and their free lifting height is about 1250px. But there is also a fully free lifting forklift, which is not affected by the lifting height of the gantry as long as the height inside the box allows, and can easily stack two layers of goods. In addition, it should also be noted that there should be wooden mats placed under the goods to ensure that the forks can be pulled out smoothly.

貨物不要裸裝，起碼要有包裝，不要一味的為節(jié)省空間而導(dǎo)致貨物受損。一般的貨物也都會(huì)有包裝，只有比如大件的機(jī)器如鍋爐、建材之類(lèi)的會(huì)比較麻煩，必須要捆扎、綁緊以防止松動(dòng)。其實(shí)只要仔細(xì)認(rèn)真，也不會(huì)出太大的問(wèn)題。更多相關(guān)事項(xiàng)就來(lái)我們網(wǎng)站http://qpdg.net.cn咨詢(xún)吧！

Do not pack the goods naked, at least they should be packaged, and do not blindly damage the goods to save space. General goods also come with packaging, but large machines such as boilers and building materials are more troublesome and must be tied tightly to prevent loosening. In fact, as long as you are careful and serious, there won't be too big a problem. For more related matters, come to our website http://qpdg.net.cn Consult!