集裝箱貨物的現(xiàn)場裝箱作業(yè)，通常有三種方法：

There are usually three methods for on-site container loading operations:

A，全部用人力裝箱;

A. All manually packed;

B，用叉式裝卸車(鏟車)搬進箱內(nèi)再用人力堆裝;

B. Use a fork lift truck (forklift) to move it into the box and then manually stack it;

C,全部用機械裝箱，如貨板(托盤)貨用叉式裝卸車在箱內(nèi)堆裝。這三種方式中，第三種方法理想，裝卸率高，發(fā)生貨損事故少。

C. All goods are packed mechanically, such as pallets and forklifts, which are stacked inside the box. Among these three methods, the third method is ideal, with high loading and unloading rates and fewer cargo damage accidents.

濟南集裝箱裝箱作業(yè)時應注意的事項：

Precautions for container loading operations in Jinan:

1、在貨物裝箱時，任何情況下箱內(nèi)所裝貨物的重量不能超過集裝箱的大裝載量，集裝箱的大裝貨重量由集裝箱的總重減去集裝箱的自重求得;總重和自重一般都標在集裝箱的箱門上;

1. When packing goods, the weight of the goods inside the container must not exceed the maximum loading capacity of the container under any circumstances. The maximum loading weight of the container is determined by subtracting its own weight from the total weight of the container; The total weight and self weight are generally marked on the door of the container;

2、每個集裝箱的單位容重是一定的，因此如箱內(nèi)裝載一種貨物時，只要知道貨物密度，就能斷定是重貨還是輕貨。貨物密度大于箱的單位容重的是重貨，裝載的貨物以重量計算，反之貨物密度小于箱的單位容重的是輕貨，裝載的貨物以容積計算。及時區(qū)分這兩種不同的情況，對提高裝箱效率是很重要的;

2. The unit weight of each container is fixed, so when a type of cargo is loaded inside the container, as long as the density of the cargo is known, it can be determined whether it is heavy or light cargo. Heavy goods are those with a density greater than the unit weight of the box, and loaded goods are calculated by weight. Conversely, light goods are those with a density less than the unit weight of the box, and loaded goods are calculated by volume. It is important to distinguish between these two different situations in a timely manner to improve packing efficiency;

3、裝載時要使箱底上的負荷平衡，箱內(nèi)負荷不得偏于一端或一側(cè)，特別是要嚴格禁止負荷偏在一端的情況;

3. When loading, the load on the bottom of the box should be balanced, and the load inside the box should not deviate from one end or one side, especially when the center of gravity of the load is strictly prohibited from deviating from one end;

4、要避免產(chǎn)生集中載荷，如裝載機械設備等重貨時，箱底應鋪上木板等襯墊材料，盡量分散其負荷。標準集裝箱底面平均單位面積的負荷大致如下：20英尺集裝箱為1330x9.8N/m，40英尺集裝箱為980x9.8N/m2;

4. To avoid generating concentrated loads, such as when loading heavy goods such as machinery and equipment, the bottom of the box should be covered with lining materials such as wooden boards to disperse the load as much as possible. The average safety load per unit area of the bottom of a standard container is roughly as follows: 1330x9.8N/m for a 20 foot container and 980x9.8N/m2 for a 40 foot container;

5、用人力裝貨時要注意包裝上有無“不可倒置”、“平放”、“豎放”等裝卸指示標志。要正確使用裝貨工具，捆包貨禁止使用手鉤。箱內(nèi)所裝的貨物要裝載整齊、緊密堆裝。容易散捆和包裝脆弱的貨物，要使用襯墊或在貨物間插入膠合板，防止貨物在箱內(nèi)移動;

5. When using manual loading, it is necessary to pay attention to whether there are loading and unloading instructions such as "not to invert", "flat", and "vertical" on the packaging. To use loading tools correctly, it is prohibited to use hand hooks when bundling goods. The goods inside the box should be neatly loaded and tightly stacked. Goods that are prone to loose bundling and fragile packaging should be cushioned or plywood inserted between the goods to prevent them from moving inside the box;

6、裝載貨板貨時要確切掌握集裝箱的內(nèi)部尺寸和貨物包裝的外部尺寸，以便計算裝載件數(shù)，達到盡量減少棄位、多裝貨物的目的;

6. When loading pallet cargo, it is necessary to accurately grasp the internal dimensions of the container and the external dimensions of the cargo packaging, in order to calculate the number of loaded pieces and achieve the goal of minimizing waste and loading more cargo as much as possible;

7、用叉式裝卸車裝箱時，將受到機械的自由提升高度和門架高度的限制。在條件允許的情況下，叉車裝箱可一次裝載兩層，但上下應留有一定的間隙.

7. When using a forklift for loading and unloading, it will be limited by the free lifting height of the machinery and the height of the gantry. If conditions permit, forklifts can load two layers at once, but there should be a certain gap between the top and bottom

集裝箱裝載時如果忽視了貨物特性和包裝狀態(tài)，或由于操作不當?shù)仍?，也往往會發(fā)生貨損事故，特別是在內(nèi)陸地區(qū)裝載的集裝箱，由于裝箱人不了解海上運輸時集裝箱的狀態(tài)，其裝載方法通常都不符合海上運輸?shù)囊?，從而引起貨損事故的發(fā)生，這種實例很多，因此有關(guān)的注意事項要多去了解！還有什么事情隨時聯(lián)系我們http://qpdg.net.cn咨詢！

If the characteristics and packaging status of the goods are ignored during container loading, or due to improper operation and other reasons, cargo damage accidents often occur, especially for containers loaded in inland areas. Due to the lack of understanding of the container's state during sea transportation by the container loader, the loading method usually does not meet the requirements of sea transportation, leading to the occurrence of cargo damage accidents. There are many examples of this, so it is necessary to learn more about the relevant precautions! Feel free to contact us if you have anything else http://qpdg.net.cn consulting service