1 干箱型房屋集裝箱

1 dry box type housing container

干箱型房屋集裝箱體現(xiàn)干貨集裝箱的一些主要特點(diǎn)，其鋼結(jié)構(gòu)是在ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)集裝箱基礎(chǔ)上拉伸的干箱結(jié)構(gòu)，并增加內(nèi)外保溫層、裝飾板等完成主體結(jié)構(gòu)；內(nèi)外保溫層間設(shè)置龍骨，以增加內(nèi)墻面的強(qiáng)度；地板采用發(fā)泡型水泥板或纖維水泥板，表面鋪設(shè)材料可選塑料地板、木地板、竹木地板或粘貼地磚等；內(nèi)墻面一般采用石膏板或纖維水泥板，再鋪設(shè)墻紙；保溫材料根據(jù)使用環(huán)境可選用巖棉、玻璃纖維或聚氨酯發(fā)泡材料等；內(nèi)部設(shè)施的配備遵循客戶的要求；運(yùn)輸角件布置在ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)集裝箱的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)位置，便于房屋集裝箱的運(yùn)輸。干箱型房屋集裝箱的結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度高，加之運(yùn)輸方便，使其受到不少客戶的青睞；但由于用之搭建房屋的外殼完全為鋼結(jié)構(gòu)，缺乏溫馨感，比較適合用作辦公場(chǎng)所。

The dry box type housing container reflects some of the main characteristics of dry cargo containers. Its steel structure is a stretched dry box structure based on ISO standard containers, and the main structure is completed by adding inner and outer insulation layers, decorative panels, etc; Install keel between the inner and outer insulation layers to increase the strength of the inner wall surface; The floor is made of foam cement board or fiber cement board, and the surface laying materials can be plastic floor, wood floor, bamboo wood floor, or pasted floor tiles; The inner wall is generally made of gypsum board or fiber cement board, and then covered with wallpaper; Insulation materials can be selected based on the usage environment, such as rock wool, glass fiber, or polyurethane foam materials; The provision of internal facilities shall comply with customer requirements; The transportation corner pieces are arranged in the standard position of ISO standard containers to facilitate the transportation of house containers. The high structural strength and convenient transportation of dry box type housing containers make them favored by many customers; However, due to the fact that the shell used to build the house is entirely steel structure, lacking warmth, it is more suitable for use as an office space.

干箱型房屋集裝箱的水電路一般布置在外保溫層與內(nèi)龍骨間。頂部電路布置在保溫層內(nèi)，一般在底部水泥板上開槽布置水路，排污水路設(shè)置在水泥板下方以減少對(duì)水泥板的損害，并對(duì)伸箱體外的管路采取適當(dāng)保護(hù)措施。

The water circuit of dry box type housing containers is generally arranged between the outer insulation layer and the inner keel. The top circuit is arranged inside the insulation layer, and a water channel is generally slotted on the bottom cement board. The sewage channel is set below the cement board to reduce damage to the cement board, and appropriate safety protection measures are taken for the pipelines extending outside the box.

為增加外觀的美感，提高隔溫性能，目前的干箱型房屋集裝箱增加頂棚和外披掛。頂棚可選用拉筋鍍鋅鋼板、鍍鋁鋼板、PVC型材、纖維水泥板等，外表面增加隔熱涂層以強(qiáng)化隔熱效果，采用斜坡式布置，以降低漏水隱患；外披掛材料可選用鍍鋅鋼板、鍍鋁鋼板、鋁型材、PVC型材、纖維水泥板等，由于干箱型房屋集裝箱帶有外層鋼板，外披掛的布置十分方便。

To enhance the aesthetic appeal of the appearance and improve the thermal insulation performance, the current dry box type housing containers have added roofs and outer coverings. The ceiling can be made of galvanized steel plates, aluminum plated steel plates, PVC profiles, fiber cement boards, etc., with insulation coatings added to the outer surface to enhance the insulation effect. A sloping layout is adopted to reduce the risk of water leakage; The outer hanging materials can be galvanized steel plate, aluminum plated steel plate, aluminum profile, PVC profile, fiber cement board, etc. As the dry box type housing container has an outer steel plate, the arrangement of the outer hanging is very convenient.

2 輕鋼龍骨型房屋集裝箱

2 Light steel keel type housing containers

輕鋼龍骨型房屋集裝箱分為以下2種形式：（1）生產(chǎn)企業(yè)在工廠將房屋集裝箱結(jié)構(gòu)裝配完成，然后將之安裝在使用場(chǎng)地的基座后接通水電即可使用；（2）房屋集裝箱的結(jié)構(gòu)板片由生產(chǎn)企業(yè)在工廠生產(chǎn)完成后裝入集裝箱運(yùn)輸使用場(chǎng)地，然后將各個(gè)板片組裝成形即可使用。

Light steel keel type housing containers can be divided into two forms: (1) The production enterprise assembles the structure of the housing container in the factory, and then installs it on the base of the use site, and connects it with water and electricity for use; (2) The structural panels of the housing container are loaded into the container and transported to the usage site by the production enterprise after production is completed in the factory. Then, each panel is assembled and formed for use.

輕鋼龍骨型房屋集裝箱具有穩(wěn)固的底結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)，墻和頂均以鋼龍骨為主，墻體內(nèi)設(shè)裝飾板，墻體外設(shè)外墻披掛，裝飾板和披掛間的龍骨機(jī)構(gòu)用來支撐墻面，頂部采用輕鋼系統(tǒng)加外頂結(jié)構(gòu)。與干箱型房屋集裝箱相比，輕鋼龍骨型房屋集裝箱具有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn)：（1）更具溫馨氣息；（2）使用材料較少，制作難度有所降低；（3）取消外壁板和外頂板，直接采用外頂披掛板和外壁披掛板，有效防止雨水積聚滲漏；（4）質(zhì)量更輕，更符合低碳的要求；（5）由于其頂部采用輕鋼龍骨支撐，使其更具結(jié)構(gòu)可塑性和靈活性，內(nèi)部分割更簡(jiǎn)單易行。輕鋼龍骨型房屋集裝箱的電氣水路布置原理與干箱型房屋集裝箱相同，即必須遵守使用地域的規(guī)定，以確保其性。

The light steel keel type housing container has a stable bottom structure system, with steel keel as the main structure for the walls and top. Decorative panels are installed inside the walls, and external wall coverings are installed outside the walls. The keel mechanism between the decorative panels and coverings is used to support the walls, and the top adopts a light steel system with an external roof structure. Compared with dry box type housing containers, light steel keel type housing containers have the following advantages: (1) they have a more warm atmosphere; (2) Using fewer materials reduces the difficulty of production; (3) Cancel the outer wall panel and outer top plate, and directly use the outer top hanging plate and outer wall hanging plate to effectively prevent rainwater accumulation and leakage; (4) Lightweight and more in line with low-carbon and environmental protection requirements; (5) Due to the use of light steel keel support at its top, it has greater structural plasticity and flexibility, and internal segmentation is simpler and easier to implement. The electrical waterway layout principle of the light steel keel type housing container is the same as that of the dry box type housing container, that is, it must comply with the safety regulations of the use area to ensure its safety.

3 插接式房屋集裝箱

3 plug-in housing container

插接式房屋集裝箱一般以20英尺標(biāo)準(zhǔn)集裝箱為基準(zhǔn)。此類房屋集裝箱的頂部和底部均帶有符合 ISO 20英尺標(biāo)準(zhǔn)集裝箱運(yùn)輸要求的角件，角件上帶有與角柱連接的構(gòu)件，并與頂部和底部形成整體結(jié)構(gòu)，裝配簡(jiǎn)單、快捷；由生產(chǎn)企業(yè)在工廠完成頂?shù)?、角柱、窗和門整體結(jié)構(gòu)及保溫板的制作，然后以箱底作為承載機(jī)構(gòu)，將頂作為蓋板，組裝成20英尺標(biāo)準(zhǔn)集裝箱。由于由插接式房屋集裝箱搭建的房屋采用拼接安裝，需要提前設(shè)計(jì)好水路系統(tǒng)，然后進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)增配。若房屋采用多個(gè)插接式房屋集裝箱組裝而成，需要考慮拼接箱連接處的防水問題，同時(shí)需要特別設(shè)計(jì)排水機(jī)構(gòu)。此類房屋集裝箱的電路一般布置在頂部及其側(cè)邊，墻面上除開關(guān)和插座外一般不布置電路和水路。由于采用插接式連接框架結(jié)構(gòu)，插接式房屋集裝箱的強(qiáng)度比干箱型房屋集裝箱弱，適用于雨水及自然災(zāi)害較少的地方。

Plug in housing containers are generally based on a 20 foot standard container. The top and bottom of this type of housing container are equipped with corner pieces that meet the ISO 20 foot standard container transportation requirements. The corner pieces have components connected to the corner columns and form an integral structure with the top and bottom, making assembly simple and fast; The production enterprise completes the production of the overall structure and insulation board of the top and bottom, corner columns, windows and doors in the factory, and then uses the bottom of the box as the bearing mechanism and the top as the cover plate to assemble into a 20 foot standard container. Due to the use of splicing installation in houses built from plug-in housing containers, it is necessary to design the waterway system in advance and then add it on site. If the house is assembled using multiple plug-in housing containers, it is necessary to consider the waterproofing issue at the junction of the splicing boxes, and a special drainage mechanism needs to be designed. The circuits of such housing containers are generally arranged on the top and its sides, and circuits and waterways are generally not arranged on the wall except for switches and sockets. Due to the use of a plug-in connection frame structure, the strength of plug-in housing containers is weaker than that of dry box housing containers, making them suitable for areas with less rainfall and natural disasters.

4 旋轉(zhuǎn)式房屋集裝箱

4 Rotating house containers

旋轉(zhuǎn)式房屋集裝箱分為側(cè)板旋轉(zhuǎn)式房屋集裝箱和側(cè)板折疊旋轉(zhuǎn)式房屋集裝箱。前者將單個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)集裝箱通過側(cè)板旋轉(zhuǎn)的方式擴(kuò)大為原來的2~3倍形成房屋；后者將插接式房屋集裝箱通過鉸鏈連接，合理布置側(cè)板形式，使之便于折疊放置，在使用時(shí)可通過旋轉(zhuǎn)使其滿足使用高度要求。

Rotating housing containers are divided into side panel rotating housing containers and side panel folding rotating housing containers. The former expands a single standard container to 2-3 times its original size by rotating the side panels to form a house; The latter connects the plug-in housing container through hinges and arranges the side panel form reasonably to make it easy to fold and place. When in use, it can be rotated to meet the height requirements.

側(cè)板旋轉(zhuǎn)式房屋集裝箱的前后端與頂?shù)捉Y(jié)合成固定整體，以頂為主體，頂梁上增加上翻翻板，側(cè)柱上增加旋轉(zhuǎn)板并向外旋轉(zhuǎn)成為與前后端平行的端板，下側(cè)梁上增加向外翻轉(zhuǎn)的掛板。此類房屋集裝箱運(yùn)輸方便，能保證主體結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)度，其密封性及翻轉(zhuǎn)掛板的支撐是設(shè)計(jì)難點(diǎn)。

The front and rear ends of the side panel rotating housing container are combined with the top and bottom to form a fixed whole, with the top as the main body. An upward flipping plate is added to the top beam, a rotating plate is added to the side column and rotated outward to form an end plate parallel to the front and rear ends, and an outward flipping hanging plate is added to the lower side beam. This type of house has convenient container transportation and can ensure the strength of the main structure. Its sealing and support for flipping hanging plates are design difficulties.

側(cè)板折疊旋轉(zhuǎn)式房屋集裝箱的折疊旋轉(zhuǎn)是設(shè)計(jì)難點(diǎn)，既要求折疊板不能占用額外空間，又要求其展開旋轉(zhuǎn)成房屋后具有大的有效空間，還要滿足防漏水性能要求。與側(cè)板旋轉(zhuǎn)式房屋集裝箱相比，此類房屋集裝箱的強(qiáng)度有所降低，抗風(fēng)性能也有所減弱。

The folding and rotation of the side panel folding and rotating housing container is a design difficulty, which requires that the folding panel cannot occupy additional space, and that it has a large effective space after unfolding and rotating into the house, and also meets the requirements of water leakage prevention performance. Compared with the side panel rotating housing container, this type of housing container has reduced strength and weakened wind resistance performance.

旋轉(zhuǎn)式房屋集裝箱的電路布置一般避免旋轉(zhuǎn)邊，因此，在水電路設(shè)計(jì)和布置方面存在較大挑戰(zhàn)性。

The circuit layout of rotating housing containers generally avoids rotating edges, therefore, there are significant challenges in water circuit design and layout.

5 抽拉式房屋集裝箱

5 pull-out housing containers

抽拉式房屋集裝箱實(shí)際上是兩個(gè)箱體的組合，主箱體的一側(cè)封閉，另一側(cè)敞開，副箱體相當(dāng)于一個(gè)抽屜。此類房屋集裝箱的設(shè)計(jì)難點(diǎn)在于抽拉的方便性和吻合性、副箱體支撐的合理性以及抽拉和關(guān)閉后的密封防水性。此類房屋集裝箱的電路布置采取現(xiàn)場(chǎng)插接方式，水路布置采取預(yù)安裝與現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安裝結(jié)合的方式。抽拉式房屋集裝箱充分發(fā)揮集裝箱的延展性，使用時(shí)1個(gè)40英尺房屋箱可以擴(kuò)展成2個(gè)40英尺集裝箱大小的房屋。

The pull-out housing container is actually a combination of two boxes, with one side of the main box closed and the other side open, and the auxiliary box acting as a drawer. The design difficulties of such housing containers lie in the convenience and compatibility of pulling, the rationality of supporting the secondary box, and the sealing and waterproofing after pulling and closing. The circuit layout of such housing containers adopts on-site plug-in method, and the waterway layout adopts a combination of pre installation and on-site installation. The pull-out housing container fully utilizes the extensibility of the container, and when in use, one 40 foot housing container can be expanded into two 40 foot container sized houses.

6 木結(jié)構(gòu)房屋集裝箱

6 wooden house containers

木結(jié)構(gòu)房屋集裝箱采用木結(jié)構(gòu)體系，也有部分鋼結(jié)構(gòu)，一般采用節(jié)點(diǎn)連接，其內(nèi)外部采用快速裝配材料裝飾。木結(jié)構(gòu)房屋集裝箱在使用時(shí)需要提前搭建地基，集裝箱以模塊化方式運(yùn)輸安裝地，然后通過連接搭建房屋。此類房屋集裝箱的水電路一般均采用“外部采購+現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安裝”的方式。木結(jié)構(gòu)房屋集裝箱搭建的房屋具有綠色的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，滿足一定強(qiáng)度和穩(wěn)定性要求，目前此類房屋集裝箱在歐美和日本使用較為廣泛。

Wooden structure housing containers adopt a wooden structure system, and there are also some steel structures. Generally, node connections are used, and the inner and outer parts are decorated with quick assembly materials. Wooden structure housing containers need to have their foundation built in advance during use. The containers are transported in a modular manner to the installation site and then connected to build the house. The water circuit of such housing containers generally adopts the method of "external procurement+on-site installation". Wooden container houses have the advantages of being green and environmentally friendly, meeting certain strength and stability requirements. Currently, these types of housing containers are widely used in Europe, America, and Japan.

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